Particles

ℹ️ Help & Controls

Getting Started

Start/Stop: Click the Start button to begin the simulation
Drag Particles: Click and drag any particle to reposition it in 3D space
Set Initial Velocity: Hold Shift and drag from a selected particle to define its starting velocity (arrow shows direction and magnitude)
Delete Particle: Select a particle, then press Delete (or Backspace) to remove it
Record Paths: Click ▶ to record electron trajectories (button glows green)

Camera Controls

Scroll / Mouse Wheel: Zoom in and out
Middle Mouse + Drag: Orbit — rotate the view around the target
Right Mouse + Drag: Pan — move the camera target point

Physics Modes

Larmor: Applies radiation damping (exponential velocity decay)
θ/φ: Adds quantum angular correction terms from wavefunction
Lock: Freezes nucleus in place (protons don't move)
Relax: Automatic energy level transitions (electrons decay to lower states)
QHJ: Yang's Quantum Hamilton–Jacobi dynamics — replaces individual force terms with the full quantum potential V̄(ρ,θ) including shell barriers, universal quantum term, and angular confinement. θ/φ becomes automatic.

Quantum Numbers

n: Principal quantum number (energy level, n ≥ 1)
ℓ: Orbital angular momentum (0 ≤ ℓ < n)
m: Magnetic quantum number (-ℓ ≤ m ≤ ℓ)
Selection rules: Δℓ = ±1, Δm ≤ ±1 for transitions

Controls

e⁻/p⁺: Add/remove electrons or protons
x/y/z inputs: Manually set particle position in picometers
Δt slider: Adjust simulation timestep (smaller = more accurate but slower)
Model: Switch between different atomic systems (H, H₂⁺, He, etc.)

Quantum State

|1, 0, 0⟩

Distance: –

Energy: –

n: 1

ℓ: 0

m: 0

System Properties

e⁻: 1

p⁺: 1

Selected Particle

x –

y –

z –

🔬 Advanced / Debug Info

Force (first electron)

F_x: 0

F_y: 0

F_z: 0

All Electron Positions

e₁ x: –

e₁ y: –

e₁ z: –

e₂ x: –

e₂ y: –

e₂ z: –

Velocity (selected particle)

v_x: 0

v_y: 0

v_z: 0

|v|: 0

FPS: --

Δt: 33 ms

Larmor: off

Lock: off

θ/φ: off

Relax: off

Mode: QHJ